AMPON CHIK PEUSANGAN WITHIN THE TRACING REVOLUTION IN ACEH By: Dr. Teuku Mohamad Isa

Part 1:

THE GENESIS AND FAMILIES

Ampon Chik Peusangan

The son of King Mongol Djengis Khan, so called Hulagu Khan around 13^th century AD, made a success of the horrifying invasion into Khalifah Abbasiyah’s Imperium. Within fully asperity, the town of Baghdad which population around one million people, was burned out along with all its contents by the people of Mongol. The thundering cruelty of Mongol military made entire resident  of Imperium losing their courage.

       The wave of evacuation from  resident trying to save their soul  could not again be stemmed. Most waves of the refugees were urged to the south and partly was casted ashore in the territory of Hadramaut-Yemen, South Arabian. In the extraordinary panic, the well-off refugees tried to escape through the traditional voyage route to the East side. They who are lucky protected from storm ferocity go out to sea,  partly stranding in top part Sumatera island, in Banda  Aceh.  One among the  Khalifah Abbasiyah dynasty who was safe, came up as a notable in Achehinese land. That is the dynasty ancestor of Uleebalang Nanggroe Peusangan, in the coastal north of Acheh.

In the period of the war raging between the Acehinese Kingdom opposed the Netherlands (1873-1942), was born a healthy  and beautiful baby. This baby was born on June 25^th, 1890 in Pulo Iboh village stepped aside by the the town of Matang Glumpang Dua. His mother, Potjut Unggaih, a daughter of the noble Uleebalang Meureudu. His father, Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun, uleebalang nanggroe Peusangan.

Both baby old fellow were very happy at the attendance of their healthyness and beautiful son. This  couple then gave their child name, TEUKU MUHAMMAD DJOHAN ALAMSJAH. Then after holding the position uleebalang and performing the religious service hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca), this grandchild of Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Hasan  given  the nobel name, Teuku Hadji Tjhik Muhammad Djohan Alamsjah Perkasa Alam.

  Along the Achehinese history in 20^th century, Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Djohan Alamsjah came up as one of the notable uleebalang in Acheh. Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Djohan Alamsjah is the 9^th generation  refugee of Abassiyah Imperium which stranded in Banda Aceh around 13^th century.

  To tighten position of nanggroe Peusangan in political map of Acheh empire, Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Hasan, grandfather of Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Djohan Alamsjah fastened the former Keujreuen Peureulak with marriage string. His sister so called Potjut Zurah married with uleebalang Peureulak. Through her marriage, the doughter of uleebalang Peusangan beared a prince to nanggroe Peureulak. The prince is given by the the name Teuku Abubakar Sidik. Because his mother Potjut Zurah, doughter of uleebalang Peusangan, hence Teuku Abubakar Sidik was dubbed Teuku Muda Peusangan.

After succeeding to grasp nanggroe Peureulak through marriage string, hence Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Hasan continued step to nanggroe Meureudu. He made to marry his son Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun with Potjut Unggaih, princess of uleebalang Meureudu. Though his son already had married a native woman from Peusangan. Still Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun roomily  cordially took care both of his wives better
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TJUT NJAK ASIAH KEUREUTAU THE NEW CONSANQUINITY OF PEUSANGAN

The policy of Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Hasan was continued to his son, Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun. In a period of convulsion war between Acheh against Dutch army, Keujruen Peusangan Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun tried to make brotherhood string chain with a small state laid at east side of Lhok Seumawe, nanggroe Keureutau.

At that moment Keujruen Keureutau Tjut Njak Asiah, doughter of a Tionghoa merchant in river estuary Keureutau, had expressed herself making friends with Dutch Kingdom. Even though Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun kept huddling her up to the lap of Aceh Kingdom. This brotherhood was very good for strengthening  the resistance line to Dutch.

In a period of looking forward to the answer, suddenly Tjut Njak Asiah retired as uleebalang Keureutau. This woman’s uleebalang didn’t have any descendant. She was  replaced by her adopted son, Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif.  Yet the two sides knife  had been played  by this woman’s uleebalang. And at the same time, Tjut Njak Asiah let the other adopted child, Teuku Muhammad expressed  himself as uleebalang Keureutau.  Teuku Muhammad was a younger brother of  Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif. Both had been adopted when they  were still child.

  Tjut Njak Asiah continued  to play  behind the screen, playing tricks on General  van Heutz and Acheh Sultanate for the shake of her power. Hearing the  commutation of crown in nanggroe Keureutau, General van Huetz on behalf of the Netherlands kingdom rushed about to authenticate Teuku Sjam Sjarif became Keujruen Keureutau.

Dutch was very worried the crown of Keureutau uleebalang  felt to his  brother hand  Teuku Muhammad who was very advocating to the independence of Acheh. At the same time Acheh  Sultanate,  Tuwanku Muhammad Daudsjah  constituted  Teuku Muhammad hastily to become Keureutau uleebalang with his title rank Keujruen. Acheh people called Teuku Muhammad by the respecting name, Teuku Tjhik di  Tunong, mean the king in south.

  In a period of political muddle in the Acheh land, Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun didn’t lose his mind, brotherhood string still being kept developed. Yet Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif  kept  huddled. The obstinacy of Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun diplomacy started bearing fruit. In negotiation between the two uleebalangs, an agreement  were blazing. Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif had promised to make his single son, Teuku Muhammad Basjah married with the eldest grand-doughter of Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun later.

Then, history noted that  the promise between  two uleebalangs was truly happened. In the year 1929, the pretty and beautiful Potjut Ramlah, first grandchild of Teuku Tjhik Sjamaun at the same time first doughter of Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Djohan Alamsjah climbed the nuptials castle with Teuku Tjhik Muhammad Basjah.

  Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif and also his stepmother  behaved in the society well. They artfully continued coqueting to the Dutch and stabbing his nanggroe’s neighbour at the same time. Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif perceive the gesture of his  neighbour uleebalangs carefully. In particularly uleebalang of nanggroe Seuleumak located  at the  headwaters of  Keureutau’s river.

Nanggroe Seuleumak had became the strongest fortress defence against Dutch invasion in Pasai region. In this over-populated nanggroe also dwelt some notable militant ulamas, such as  Teungku Tjhik di Payabakong and Teungku Tjhik Tanoh Mirah. In the last period of Acheh war, about the year 1900 Acheh Sultan, Tuwanku Muhammd Daudsjah along with Teuku Panglima Polem M. Daud, remove the commander defence station of Aceh Kingdom to this nanggroe Seuleumak. Unpredictably, the very awaited opportunity of Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif turned up. He perceived the gesture of his opponent, uleebalang Seulemak carefully.

After the death of his wife in a battlefield against the Dutch, Teuku Bentara Hasjim, the uleebalang of nanggroe Seuleumak tried to apply to marry Tjut Njak Linggam, a daughter of uleebalang Krueng Pase. Hence Teuku Hakim Lagabaru, uleebalang nanggroe Krueng Pase, a judge in structure of Aceh Kingdom, had thus been surprised.

  In political map of  Acheh land, the newly nanggroe Krueng Pase emerged by the Aceh war against the Dutch around 1873. And its  uleebalang, Teuku Hakim Lagabaru, a carpetbagger is one of the uleebalang Blangme son. In the very turbid of political contention era, by all means, the marriage proposal of  an uleebalang, Teuku Bentara Seuleumak, was  greeted happily. Hence, the nanggroe Krueng Pase became a  new ally of nanggroe Seuleumak.

Position of uleebalang nanggroe Seuleumak as the leader of uleebalang’s federation in  south-east Pase region in facing  military invasion of Dutch could not again be contested. Seeing the political chessman on the side of nanggroe’s uleebalang who supported  Acheh Sultanate, Dutch was soon installed  the new trap.

  Dutch pushed his ally, Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif to enter inside the family of the judge Krueng Pase dynasty. Meanwhile Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif was still widower, for  remained divorced by his ex-wife Tjut Meutiah, the war commander orienting to Achehinese Sultan.

  Tjut Meutiah prefer  Teuku Muhammad alias Teuku Tjhik di Tunong, as her life couple. The opportunity was widely opened. Proposal of Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif to become the son in law of Krueng Pase’s uleebalang was accepted happily.

  Hence, sat in state Tjut Njak Bah, sister in-laws of  Teuku Bentara Hasjim with Keureutau’s uleebalang which was the friend of  Netherlands kingdom.  The result was so fatal not only for Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak, but also for the struggle  to  uphold the independence of Achehinese state and nation.

In interacting among the big families of nanggroe Krueng Pase’s uleebalang, the strong and heroicness Uleebalang of Seuleumak was really powerless. He was captivated and exhausted by the etiquette and noblesse of Acheh people. This uleebalang was  perforced to limit himself towards his cousin in-laws, the inelegant Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif.

Although uleebalang Seuleumak had controlled himself carefully, still the opportunity to stab him had widely opened  for uleebalang Keureutau. Now both uleebalangs came home to the same kitchen. No more doubtfull, Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak, leader of uleebalang federation for advocating Achehinese  Sultanate was most certainly stepped into the fish-net trap owned by  theDutch.

Mischance was befalling to Acheh people and posterity of Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak. Information about his strength had  ever been easier tapped.  And this information were such a delicious eating and  very required by General van Heutz. Later  this forecast was really proven.

  In his marriage with princess of uleebalang Krueng Pase, Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak, obtain a prince. His son was given the name Teuku Putih (Teuku White), because this  healthyness and beautiful son   had white skin  and blond hair. People nanggroe Seuleumak told Teuku Putih was  the duplicate of their ancestor Teuku Bentara Tu di Iboh,  an Ulama  from Persian.

Nuptial happiness between uleebalang Seuleumak with doughter of uleebalang Krueng Pase did not take place in a long time.   In a state of still suckling her child, Tjut Njak Linggam, the wife of uleebalang Seuleumak passed away. Hence, the historical drama that very expected by Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif was arrived.

  Teuku Putih, prince of  Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak, who  still suckling was brought to nanggroe Keureutau. That baby was mothered and grown up by his aunt, Tjut Njak Bah, in the palace of  Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif, Keujruen Nanggroe Keureutau.

Having become child, the  son of uleebalang Seuleumak  became the important chess pawn for Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif. The prominent ally of Dutch in Pase region  that considerably pride showed  his efficacy to play tricks on uleebalangs who supported Achehinese Sultan. A small child, Teuku Putih bin Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak was adorned in luxury clothes.

  In  precense of  the courier of General van Heutz,  that small child, on behalf of his father Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak signed the transfer act for entire nanggroes which merged in the Seuleumak federation into the small nanggroe Keureutau.

  Hence, the status of nanggroes who supported Acheh Sultanate was changed from full autonomy under Acheh Sultanate into sub-teritorial nanggroe Keureutau.

Being brought to corner by fight strategy of General van Heutz, Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak change his war strategy. Together with his cousin, Tjut Meutiah, struggled to straighten independence of Achehinese nation and state then   continued by guerrilla war. Nanggroe Seuleumak governance delivered to his youngest  brother, Teuku Raja Puteh, as a functionary uleebalang.

  General van Heutz did  not want  to lose his mind, then installed a  new  trap. In the year 1904,  mother of Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak, Tjut Njak Beureumen great-grandchild of Sultan Pasai Malik al Saleh, together with families and mother of  Teuku Panglima Polem M. Daud kidnapped by the Dutch soldier in their hiding place in the resident village upstream of Pase river. The entire  Dutch captives were confined in  tiger hutch made of iron.

Shouldered by Dutch soldier, those captives were walked in procession start from Geudoeng-Pasai  up to Kutaraja. As long as journey, those captives were mortified and exhibited to all resident of Acheh.

Soon General van Heutz released the communique addressed to  the Achehinese fighting commanders which had not yet subjection, that if they wanted their mothers and children returned home safely, then those fighting commanders  have to redeem them.  The ransom were those fighting  commanders themselves.

  There were no other way, hence in the early 1904 Teuku Panglima Polem M. Daud followed by Teuku Bentara Hasjim Seuleumak with his uncle Teuku Tjhik Meukuta Geudoeng, in a state of exhausted were perforced to express themselves reconcile with Dutch Kingdom.

  The result for nanggroe Seuleumak people were fatal, the gallance of  Seuleumak people to advocate independence of Acheh state have to be paid costly.

History noted in the early Aceh-Dutch war, its resident amount to 40.000, and by the year 1904, this resident highly decrease to  1000  people. The remaining from battlefield only old grandfathers also widows and small fry. Syuhada (martyrdom) Mausoleum  scattered  to various corner around the country.

  When Dutch version peacetime had achieved, the Dutch pushed his chess pawn Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif.   In the distance Dutch saw, time has come for Teuku Putih to remove  his uncle Teuku Radja Puteh, functionary uleebalang Seuleumak which still oriented to Acehinese Kingdom.

  Hence, Teuku Putih, which already  25 year, riding  furry white Arab horse  in highness ceremony was sent to nanggroe Seuleumak by Teuku Tjhik Sjam Sjarif. This nanggroe Keureutau puppet, accompanied by the the salvo gunfire and fighting music of the Dutch military, was installed to become uleebalang Seuleumak.

Teuku Putih, a new uleebalang of nanggroe Seuleumak  took over the power of his uncle hand Teuku Radja Puteh bin Teuku Bentara Seuntang Seuleumak as functionary uleebalang. To the new uleebalang Seuleumak, the Dutch Governor in Acheh submitted his friendship letter, and in that letter written his monthly subsidies equal to f.40.

 This tragic destiny also befalled to the other member of uleebalang Seuleumak federation. Instead their fates were more unlucky, their monthly subsidy only ranging from f.15 to f.25. Hence, vanished 12  supporter nanggroes of the Acheh Sultan merging into the federation Seuleumak in a crack.

The patrioticness  federation of Nanggroes Seuleumak   consist of :

1.  Nanggroe Seuleumak with uleebalang titled Teuku Bentara, 2. Nanggroe Pirak, uleebalang titled also Teuku Bentara, 3. Nanggroe Arabungkoek, uleebalang titled Ulama Teungku Tjhik. The rest nanggroes were, 4. Meunye 5.  Aroen 6.  Mulieng 7.  Mature Panyang 8.  Arakumudi 9. Seuneudon 10. Buah 11. Blang Glumpang 12. Panton Labu uleebalang titled Teuku. They were all of 12 uleebalangs turned into uleebalang cut (small uleebalang) under nanggroe Keureutau.

Monthly subsidy of uleebalang Keureutau was amazing, Dutch gave him f. 800. His new consanquinity, uleebalang Peusangan also got f. 800,-  monthly subsidy. Uleebalang nanggroe Idi and nanggroe Peureulak yore before Aceh-Dutch war started, had already bound friendship  with the Netherlands kingdom, to them  monthly subsidies godsend by the f.2000.- each. Iuckier  was Teuku Maharadja Mangkubumi Abdul Hamid, Acheh Sultanate consanquinity. He was uleebalang of Lhok Seumawe, the owner of sea-port, always kept silence waiting for the winner of  Aceh-Dutch war. To him Dutch presented Monthly subsidy  f. 3000.-, but his son as successor in the year 1940 only got f. 100. The reason was, Teuku Sri Maharadja Mangkubumi Abdul Hamid had changed the demeanour, he had become  the supporter to Indonesian independence’s heroes. With his abundance estae, Teuku Sri Maharaja Mangkubumi, became the especial donor to Syarikat Islam (Islamic company) in Acheh which then removing the Dutch from this archipelago……….continued  to part  2.